As of Q2 2025, governments collectively hold between 463,000 and 527,000 Bitcoin (BTC), accounting for approximately 2.3% to 2.5% of the total supply. With Bitcoin's price estimated at over $104,000, these reserves are worth billions of dollars. This trend, which sees nations like the Kingdom of Bhutan and El Salvador accumulating Bitcoin through mining and direct purchases, marks a significant shift in global finance.
Top Government Bitcoin Holders and Their Sources of Accumulation
The way governments acquire Bitcoin varies, with the majority coming from law enforcement seizures and asset forfeiture.
- United States: Holding the largest reserve at 198,012 BTC, the U.S. has primarily accumulated its stash from high-profile cases like the Silk Road and Bitfinex hacks.
- China: Despite its ban on private crypto ownership, China holds an estimated 190,000 BTC, largely seized from the PlusToken ponzi scheme.
- United Kingdom: With 61,245 BTC, the UK's holdings are a result of confiscating assets linked to money laundering and other criminal activities.
- Ukraine: The country holds around 46,351 BTC, primarily from wartime donations, and is considering integrating digital assets into its national reserves.
- Bhutan: A unique case, Bhutan holds 11,286 BTC by using its abundant hydropower to mine the cryptocurrency.
- United Arab Emirates: The UAE is rumored to hold 6,333 BTC, accumulated through direct mining via a publicly listed company.
- El Salvador: A pioneer in crypto adoption, the country holds 6,255 BTC through a combination of direct purchases and geothermal-powered mining.
- North Korea: Also holding 6,255 BTC, its reserves are reportedly a result of major crypto exchange hacks.
- Venezuela: The government holds an estimated 240 BTC, with an unconfirmed accumulation source.
- Finland: The country holds 90 BTC, primarily seized from criminal investigations, and views them as part of its national reserve strategy.
The Road Ahead
The increasing number of nations accumulating Bitcoin and considering it for strategic reserves indicates a growing recognition of cryptocurrency's role in the global financial system. While the top holders are primarily accumulating from criminal seizures, countries like Bhutan and El Salvador are exploring more proactive strategies like mining and direct purchases. These government holdings are expected to fluctuate with market dynamics, making the future of this trend a key area to watch.
August 2025, Cryptoniteuae